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BDNF Gene Polymorphism in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Gülcan SARGIN,Candan GüRSES,Naci ？？NE,Nerses BEBEK
Journal of Neurological Sciences , 2008,

Abstract: Objective: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin which performs its activity through neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptors, is one of the candidate genes for epilepsy. Our aim is to investigate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms as an candidate gene in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods: One hundred and seven patients included in the study were divided into two groups as mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (n:62) and non-MTS (n:45), and compared with 104 healthy controls.C-T substitution at position 240 in the BDNF gene which corresponds to the 270C/T polymorphism was analysed using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.Results: From a clinical point of view, the history of febrile convulsions and status epilepticus in medically intractable patients with MTS was statistically very significant in comparison to the other group (p<0.000), as expected.There was no statistical significance in the distribution of genotypes between the TLE group (MTS group and non-MTS group) and the control group individuals.Conclusion: Hence, in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, BDNF gene polymorphism was not detected. The indication of lack of correlation between BDNF gene polymorphism and TLE contributes to literature in that it makes it possible for future researchers to compare and contrast their results with studies that had not yielded statistically significant results.

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First Results of Intravenous Levetiracetam Use in Turkey
Elif KOCASOY ORHAN,Nerses BEBEK,Candan GüRSES
Journal of Neurological Sciences , 2012,

Abstract: Objective: Status epilepticus is a neurological emergency feature with a risk of high mortality and morbidity which requires immediate intervention. Many of the medications used in standard treatment have systemic side effects. Levetiracetam (LEV) is one of the new antiepileptic agents which are not metabolized through the liver and have minimal drug interaction. Positive outcomes with intravenous (IV) form of LEV on patients with refractory seizures and status have been reported.Methods: In this study, we evaluated 12 patients with status epilepticus between the ages 23 and 78 who were administrated IV LEV in the emergency department of Neurology, retrospectively. Patients were classified according to the clinical characteristics of their seizures and IV LEV was given to patients who did not respond to intravenous diazepam in the dose range 1000-2000 mg.Results: It has been observed that patients with systemic problems who were admitted to the Neurology service did not respond very well to IV LEV treatment whereas the patients on antiepileptic drugs who were referred to the emergency department benefited significantly from LEV.Conclusions: Although our study involves a limited number of patients on whom effects IV LEV were examined, our results concur with previous reports similarly small number of cases in the literature. The first study of its kind in Turkey, we would like to contribute to literature with our experience of IV LEV in status epilepticus.

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Are There Any EEG Changes in Children Whose Mothers With Epilepsy Had Used Antiepileptic Drug During Pregnancy?
Betül GüVEL？,Candan GüRSES,Dilek ATAKLI,Nerses BEBEK
Journal of Neurological Sciences , 2012,

Abstract: The prevalence rate of epilepsy is between 4-10/1000 people in general population. It is a well-known fact that antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used during pregnancy increase the rate of congenital malformations. However, there is not enough information about the electrophysiological effects of AEDs. In this study, 127 children whose mothers have epilepsy and 33 children whose mothers are healthy, were included. Twenty nine mothers did not use AEDs whereas 98 patients used AEDs during their pregnancy. Demographic features of both mothers and children, as well as epilepsy characteristics of mothers are recorded. The EEG examinations were done awake and/or during sleep. The children whose mothers have epilepsy had higher rate of EEG abnormalities and the ratio was statistically significant. EEG abnormalities were higher in the children whose mothers had polytherapy (%50) than in the group with monotherapy (%31,7). EEG abnormalities were mostly seen (%47) in children whose mothers used VPA. Children born of patients with epilepsy who did not use folic acid with AEDs had a higher rate of EEG abnormalities and this ratio was statistically significant. It was also observed that children, whose mothers have generalized EEG abnormalities, have generalized EEG abnormalities more frequently. It is necessary to examine patients who used AEDs during pregnancy not only in terms of congenital malformations but also electrophysiological effects and to advise taking folic acid. Examining children who are born under the effect of AEDs electrophysiologically in the years following their birth may provide predictions about whether the effects of AEDs.

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Prognosis and Clinical Features of Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy Patients Older Than 40 Years
Zeynep AYDIN ？ZEM？R,Betül BAYKAN,Candan GüRSES,Nerses BEBEK
Journal of Neurological Sciences , 2012,

Abstract: Introduction: Idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) are usually seen in the first two decades of life. There is a paucity of data of these patients when they get older.Methods: Patients admitted to our epilepsy center were screened for being older than 40 years at the time of last admission and being diagnosed with IGE according to ILAE-1989 criteria. The clinical features, syndromes and prognosis of 33 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated retrospectively.Results: Nineteen (58%) were female and mean age was 50,24±10,29. 16 cases had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 7 juvenile absence epilepsy, 4 childhood absence epilepsy, 2 IGE with generalised convulsive seizures (GCS), 3 atypical IGE with absence status epilepticus (ASE), 1 late onset IGE. 19 patients were using monotherapy whereas 13 were using polytherapy, and there is only one case without medication. The prognosis was evaluated as good in 54.5% (n:18) and as poor in 45.5 % (n: 15). Absence of family history of epilepsy, male gender were related with good prognosis without statistical significance. Prognosis was observed as better in the co-existence of myoclonia and GCS and in the group with GCS only, whereas the existence of absence seizures and frequent ASE were associated with poor prognosis.Conclusions: Almost half of the IGE patients older than 40 years had poor prognosis and should be followed up closely. It is remarkable that this group consists of well-known IGE syndromes diagnosed earlier rather than being late onset and also includes atypical patients experiencing frequent ASE.

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Peri
Betül Baykan,Candan Gürses,Emel Oguz Akarsu,Erdi ？ahin,Nerses Bebek,Sevda Ozel Yildiz
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1550059417733385

Abstract: Introduction. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy, and peri-ictal prone position has been elucidated as a risk factor for SUDEP. We aimed to investigate consecutive patients in peri-ictal prone positions in our video EEG monitoring (VEM) unit and compare patients with and without peri-ictal prone position to emphasize its relationship with other independent risk factors for SUDEP. Methods. We retrospectively screened all patients with peri-ictal prone position who underwent VEM for a 10-year period and these patients constituted the prone (+) group. All patients without peri-ictal prone position who underwent VEM in the past 2 years constituted the prone (？) control group. Sequences of peri-ictal positions and interventions were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory features and SUDEP-7 scores were compared between the groups. Results. A total of 21 seizures were identified with peri-ictal prone position from 16 patients. SUDEP-7 scores were significantly higher in the prone (+) group. Longer duration of epilepsy, early age at seizure onset, mental retardation, and frequency of seizures of any type (>50 seizures per month for the past year) were found significantly different between the prone (+) and prone (？) groups. Conclusion. Peri-ictal prone position in the VEM unit may relate with other independent risk factors of SUDEP, especially with mental retardation. Nocturnal supervision becomes important to reduce SUDEP risk, especially in patients with mental retardation

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Democracy, Citizenship and Local Press: The Case of the USA “Local Press in Boulder” [PDF]
Fatma Gürses
Advances in Journalism and Communication (AJC) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ajc.2015.31003

Abstract: Nowadays, democracy discussions including a variety of different approaches are made due to the impact of globalization. In this respect, local press comes to the fore as a significant element in the development of participatory citizenship and democracy values from the periphery to the center in a way to reflect differences. This research aims at examining the relationship amongst democracy, citizenship and local press using the local media Boulder, a city in Colorado state of the USA, as a case study. The study is composed of two parts. In the first part, we are going to discuss theoretical frameworks that will help us to better understand the concept of democracy and citizenship, the impact and importance of participatory citizenship on democracy and democratization. The second part includes the historical development of Boulder city and Colorado state. Their sociological and economic features in order to understand the local background of the geography in which the newspaper we examine in our case study are located. The significance of local media and press in Boulder for the state in general and its historical development are analyzed also including examples including the flow of information rendering the participation of citizens possible. In this respect, the importance of local press for the participation of citizens and its impact on democratization are examined.

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The Characteristics and Long
Betül Baykan,Bülent Kara,Can Baykal,Candan Gürses,Emel Oguz Akarsu,Firdevs Din？soy Bir,Nerses Bebek,Oya Uyguner,Volkan Ta？demir
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1550059417705280

Abstract: Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by deposition of hyaline material in skin and mucosae. Epilepsy, as an extracutaneous manifestation associated with typical mesial temporal calcifications, has already been identified, but its characteristics and long-term prognosis have not been thoroughly investigated. We included 7 consecutive patients with LP with typical intracranial calcifications out of 16 patients with ECM1 mutations and investigated the semiologic features, ictal and interictal EEG findings, and long-term prognosis of epilepsy in this genodermatosis. Four of them had seizures (57.1%), and focal seizures with motionless staring were the most common seizure phenotype, originating from bilateral mesial temporal areas, but interictal spikes were scant. Auras were observed in three patients, mostly as epigastric sensation and déjà vu, which indicated mesial temporal lobe origin. Three patients with homozygous mutations in sixth and seventh exons of the ECM1 gene had a drug-resistant course at the end of long-term follow-up. Molecular genetic testing showed a rare compound heterozygous mutation in one patient, which was also associated with seizures but without drug-resistance. Our findings indicated a spectrum for epilepsy with a desperate drug-resistant course for decades in most patients with LP, which is still an underrecognized disease by neurologists

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Analyse du discours du Parti du mouvement nationaliste pendant les élections générales du 22 juillet 2007
Selin Gürses
Synergies Turquie , 2008,

Abstract: Cet article vise à mettre en évidence le ton du discours du Parti du mouvement nationaliste, sous la lumière des données re ues par l’étude des fonctions du langage et des modalités de l’énonciation et de l’énoncé, qui se trouvent dans notre corpus.

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Türkiye'de Yoksulluk ve Yoksullukla Mücadele Politikalar (Poverty in Turkey and the Social Policies to Combat Poverty)
Didem Gürses
Bal？kesir üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi , 2007,

Abstract: POVERTY IN TURKEY AND THE SOCIAL POLICIES TO COMBAT POVERTY ABSTRACT ABSTRACTThe structural transformations of the recent decades have caused an increase in poverty and the unequal distribution of income all over the world. In Turkey, the implementation of neo-liberal policies during the 1980s, the effects of financial crises and the process of globalization have caused new forms of social stratification, urban residential forms and cultural dynamics to emerge. As a result of these economic and social processes, the incidence of poverty has increased in the country. This paper has a twofold purpose. First it aims to analyze the increase in poverty in Turkey and to examine the poverty profile of Turkey with special emphasis on recent studies. The second aim of the paper is to present an assessment of the existing social protection mechanisms and discuss the social policies designed to combat poverty in the country. The paper will conclude with a discussion of key findings and policy implications on the issue.

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